Human curiosity about Mars is endless. Although the planet once had vast water bodies, scientists have long been trying to understand why it is now lifeless and desert-like. A new study based on data sent by NASA’s Curiosity rover reveals an astonishing explanation.
The new research shows the presence of widespread carbonate mineral-rich rocks on Mars. These rocks are similar to limestone on Earth, which absorbs and stores carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Edwin Kite, a researcher from the University of Chicago and a member of NASA’s Curiosity team, led this study.
Kite explains, “There were periods in certain parts of Mars when the environment was favorable for life, but these were exceptions.” Although nearly all elements necessary for life existed, the most crucial element—water—was only temporary. Both Curiosity and the Perseverance rover in 2021 found evidence of carbonate rocks around dried-up Martian lakes.
The study states that on Earth, the carbon cycle operates in a balanced way—carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is released through volcanic activity and then trapped in limestone. However, on Mars, volcanic eruptions are infrequent, disrupting this cycle. As a result, the planet became cold, barren, and lifeless.
According to new data, Mars had water for a limited time millions of years ago. But for more than a hundred million years, Mars transformed into a vast desert. Such prolonged harsh conditions made life unsustainable.
However, scientists remain hopeful. Kite adds that there may still be water deep underground on Mars, though we have not yet found it. Further evidence of carbonate rocks will help clarify these possibilities.
Source: Nature Journal, AFP.