COP-30 was recently held in Brazil without the participation of the United States. The steady progress achieved at the conference once again demonstrates that the Paris Agreement remains a shared consensus among most countries and that the global transition to green development is irreversible.
This year marks the 10th anniversary of the signing of the Paris Agreement. After 13 days of negotiations, COP-30 participants reached agreement on several key issues. The conference adopted an important political document titled “Global Mobilization: Solidarity and Cooperation to Address the Challenges of Climate Change.” It covers a wide range of topics, including climate mitigation, adaptation, climate finance, and international cooperation.
The document states that developed countries should double adaptation finance for developing nations by 2025 compared to 2019 levels. To strengthen the financial foundation for global adaptation efforts, it calls for tripling adaptation funding by 2035. To support this goal, a two-year climate finance program was adopted, co-chaired by one representative from a developed country and one from a developing country.
For the first time, trade issues were also included in the outcome document. The conference emphasized that developing nations must be allowed to focus on sustainable development. It stressed that no country may introduce unilateral actions that create unjustified trade discrimination or disguised trade barriers in the name of climate action.
The Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS), comprising 39 climate-vulnerable nations, said the final result—though not perfect—represents meaningful progress. Adaptation finance for developing countries will be tripled by 2035. Evans Njewa, representative of the 44 Least Developed Countries, welcomed the outcome.
The United States did not attend the conference—its first absence from a UN climate summit since the inaugural meeting in 1995.
Li Gao, head of the Chinese delegation and Vice Minister of Ecology and Environment, said that despite rising geopolitical tensions and increasing unilateralism and protectionism worldwide, the conference succeeded in adopting a significant and hard-won political document. This outcome reflects the strong political will of all parties to work together in addressing climate change.
UNFCCC Executive Secretary Simon Stiell said during the closing session that COP-30 demonstrated the world’s shared aspiration to address climate change through cooperation. He emphasized that the global shift toward low-carbon and climate-resilient societies is irreversible and represents the inevitable direction of the future.
Li Gao also said China supported multilateralism throughout the conference and contributed to multiple achievements. The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” was upheld, and the institutional framework of the Paris Agreement was preserved. For the first time, a mechanism opposing unilateral trade measures was incorporated into multilateral climate processes. China, together with other developing nations, urged developed countries to increase adaptation funding—a key contribution to the conference’s positive outcomes.
China remains committed to enhancing South-South cooperation on climate action. It works closely with other developing countries to jointly tackle climate challenges and share the benefits of green development. As of October 2025, China had signed 55 South-South climate cooperation MoUs with 43 developing countries and trained more than 10,000 people from over 120 developing nations.
The conference noted that China’s concept of “harmony between humanity and nature” is reflected in its dual-carbon goals and its global leadership in renewable energy development.
Source: Chai–Alim–Wang Haiman, China Media Group.